Excel Logistics Case Essay

Purpose To introduce participants to the supply chain concept and to the effects decisions along the chain have on inventory levels and costs. Introduction In this game the retailer sells cases of beer to a consumer and orders cases of beer from the wholesaler; the wholesaler sells cases of beer to the retailer and orders cases of beer from the distributor; and the distributor sells cases of beer to the wholesaler and orders beer from the factory (brewery). The factory brews the beer. The beer supply chain is shown below: Players of the game each take on a different role in the supply chain. The roles are the Factory, Distributor, Wholesaler and Retailer. Each position is directly linked, and beer cannot skip the adjacent position. For example, the Wholesaler orders beer from the Distributor, and ships beer to the Retailer. An important consideration in making decisions is the delay in the movement of beer through the supply chain. It takes three periods to move an order of beer between each player in the supply chain. If during period 3 the Wholesaler decides to ship 10 cases of beer to the Retailer, the beer would take periods 4 and 5 to move to the Retailer and then would be available for sale by the Retailer at the beginning of period 6. Similarly, orders are not visible to the upstream player for one period. For example, if the Wholesaler places an order in period 3, the order is received by the Distributor at the beginning of period 4. For each period of play, every participant follows the same cycle: 1. The system is updated by your instructor where new orders and shipments are received, shipments enroute are advanced, and inventory levels and backorder positions are calculated (these tasks are done automatically by the server program. 2. The player updates the status screen and reviews current position. 3. A shipping decision is made according to new orders and backlog, subject to inventory availability, 4. An ordering decision is made for more beer. There are only two costs involved in this simplified version of a logistics  supply chain: inventory holding cost ($1.00/case/period) and back order costs ($2.00/case/period). Each team has the goal of minimizing the sum of these costs by balancing the cost of having inventory (inventory holding cost) with the cost of being out of inventory when a customer orders beer (back order cost). The server program keeps track of the costs incurred by each team. At the end of the game, the total game cost for the distribution system is the sum of the four individual participants’ total costs (retailer cost + wholesaler cost + distributor cost + factory cost). The goal is to minimize team costs. Action The game begins with a fully-loaded â€Å"pipeline† of cases of beer: – 16 cases of inventory in each position’s â€Å"current inventory,† – 4 cases in each of the â€Å"production delay† pipeline, – 4 cases in each of the â€Å"shipping delay† pipeline, – each position has an initial order for 4 cases of beer. Definitions The following terms are used in the status report: Current Demand – This is the demand for the current period at this position. For the Retailer, this demand is determined by an external demand stream. For all other positions, this demand reflects an order placed by the downstream position in the supply chain during the previous period. Backorder – This is the demand that has not been met to date at this position. When a position does not meet demand by shipping cases of beer, the backorder amount is increased. This amount does not include the demand during the current period. Current Shipment – This is the amount that is being shipped to the downstream position during the current period. After the ordering and shipping decisions have been made, the â€Å"status† button can be used to update the status report. The status report will reflect the current order and shipment decisions. Remember that after the instructor has updated the system, the â€Å"statu s† button should be pressed again to receive a report that reflects the execution of the decisions for the previous period. On Hand – This is the current amount in inventory at the position. This is the total amount that can be shipped this period from this position. Due Next Period – This is the number of units that are scheduled to arrive at this position next period. Due In Two Periods – This is the number of units that are scheduled to arrive in two periods. Current Order Release – This is the number of units that are being ordered from the upstream position. The  upstream position will not see this order until after the system has been updated to the next period. Inventory Cost – This is the cumulative inventory cost for this position. This is calculated from the actual inventory balance at the end of each simulated period. During the update process, the system first ships material to the downstream position, updates the cumulative inventory and backorder costs based on the inventory and backorder levels, and then receives new material into the position. Backorder Cost – This is the cumulative backorder cost for the position. Tot al Cost – This is the total cumulative cost for the position.

Do the Writings of Clausewitz have contemporary relevance? Essay

Carl Von Clausewitz has long been considered one of the most important writers in the field of military strategy and tactics. Born in 1780 he first saw action in 1793 when he was a Lance Corporal in the Prussian Army.1 He was to serve throughout the Napoleonic wars working for both the Prussians and the Russians. However: â€Å"throughout his military career he never held a command and was probably unsuited for such. He was essentially a student of war†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 2 However, despite this lack of command, Clausewitz had certainly gained enough experience during the Napoleonic wars to have a fairly comprehensive idea about what war was: â€Å"Before he was forty, he had taken part in some of the greatest battles in the history of warfare and had seen the armies of Napoleon storm their way across Europe to Moscow†¦ Alls this had been the result of military operations, but it was clear to Clausewitz as a young man that the explanation for the success or failure of these operations was not to be sought on the battlefield alone†.3 As a result of this, during his career he came up with many ideas of views on the nature and conduct of war, writing literally thousands of pages of manuscripts on a wide range of areas ranging from politics to tactics.4 After the wars end, he set about trying to write a comprehensive eight part ‘guide’ on his ideas. This collection of essays and manuscripts became known as â€Å"Vom Kriege† (On War). Clausewitz died in 1831 having only completed six of the eight parts.5 Indeed it is important to realise that despite the importance of his work, it is still unfinished and does not cover a number of areas: â€Å"On War contains a comprehensive analysis of the strategy operations and tactics of Napoleonic War, and of their 18th Century background. Left out of the account are most technological, administrative and organisational factors†¦ On War deals almost entirely with the ultimate issues as Clausewitz saw them: Political and strategic planning and the conduct of hostilities†6 Since his death, Clausewitz’s work has come to be regarded as probably one of the most important works on military thinking ever written. Bernard Brodie once wrote that: â€Å"His is not simply the greatest, but the only great book about war†7 Although Clausewitz is still seen as one of the greatest thinkers on war, the question remains – is he still relevant today? Given the immense changes in not only the way we conduct war, but also our attitudes towards war, does his thinking still have any relevance in an era of information warfare and peacekeeping missions? Also given the dramatic changes in the conduct of warfare are his works still important: â€Å"As one US army general has (said) â€Å"the digitisation of the battlefield means the end of Clausewitz†8 Given the large size of Clausewitz’s work it is impossible look at the whole of On War for its continuing relevance. Instead for this essay I have chosen to examine a number of ideas in detail including the idea of war as part of policy, the notion of decisive battle and also his idea of a ‘centre of gravity’. Due to lack of space I have decided not focus on other areas such as the trinity between the politicians, the people and the armed forces, as well as looking at other areas. At it’s simplest Clausewitz’s first book attempts to understand what war actually is and what it does. At it’s simplest he defined it as: â€Å"War is an act of force to compel an enemy to do our will†9 This seems to be true, even today it is hard to imagine a nation state going to war without a rational reason to do so – be it to regain territory or to right a wrong. More recently the growth of Peace enforcement operations such as the war in Kosovo is a classic example of forcing a nation state to bow to the will of others. As such it seems that Clausewitz’s most simple definition still rings true today Clausewitz’s next statement is far more controversial though: â€Å"Kind hearted people might of course think there was some ingenious way to disarm or defeat an enemy without too much bloodshed, and might imagine this is the true goal of the art of war. Pleasant as it sounds, it is a fallacy that must be exposed: War is such a dangerous business that the mistakes which come from kindness are the very worst†10 The above paragraph seems to be aimed at those who have studied the writings of Sun Tzu – the Chinese strategist to which Clausewitz is frequently compared. Sun Tzu felt that war was not about bloodshed – instead he felt that: â€Å"all warfare is based on deception†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 11 Michael Handle wrote that â€Å"Sun Tzu devotes considerable attention to the actions that precede war†¦ for him diplomacy is the best means of achieving his ideal of victory without fighting or bloodshed†.12 It seems that Sun Tzu’s theory of warfare is based more on the notion of avoidance of war rather than the fighting of war itself, whereas Clausewitz feels that war occurs once all other policy choices have been exhausted: â€Å"War is merely the continuation of policy by other means†13 This seems to suggest that in Clausewitz’s mind, War should be seen as merely as a logical progression in policy once other policies such as diplomacy have failed – essentially war is pursued in order to further a States national interest. However some question whether this is still the case: â€Å"Future war will be fought not to pursue national interests, but to kill enemy leaders, to convert opponents to one’s religion, to obtain booty, or sometimes for simple entertainment. Thus the core of Clausewitz’s .philosophy of war – that states wage war using armies in pursuit of political objectives will disappear. Others have maintained that nuclear weaponry, trans-national constabulary warfare, counter-terrorism, counter-narcotrafficking†¦ have rendered obsolete Clausewitz’s definition of war as an act of policy†.14 I believe though that his views are still relevant, in that once a war has begun it should be fought aggressively until its logical conclusion, however unlike in Clausewitz’s time, today the conditions required for victory may be very different and as such it may be harder to achieve a logical conclusion.15 Clausewitz seems more focussed on the idea that the only means of resolving a war is bloodshed (the so called idea of decisive battle) â€Å"The destruction of the enemies forces in war must always be the dominant consideration†16 While this may have been the ideal way of winning wars in the 19th Century it is arguable that in today’s world this view is obsolete for a variety of reasons. Firstly in the 19th Century the only real way of waging war was through lining up two opposing armies and fighting it out until one side one. This procedure was repeated until one country won the war. In today’s world the methods available to fight wars have changed – in place of armies, generals can use precision strikes with guided missiles fired from thousands of miles away to eliminate enemy units with minimal casualties. Special forces units can be used to eliminate key figures and deprive armies of leadership at critical times17. However the main reason why Clausewitz’s views of the objectives in warfare could be seen as obsolete is due to the changing nature of warfare itself. When On War was written, war was a two dimensional affair – fought primarily on land and sea.18 In 2001 though war can be fought on land, sea, air, space and also in cyberspace. In addition there are a wide variety of unconventional types of wars to be fought. As James Adams notes: â€Å"Today we are at war on several fronts. The fights against terrorism, organized crime, economic espionage and weapons proliferation are permanent conflicts that are likely to confront us through the next century†¦ In this new world the soldier will be the young geek in uniform who can insert a virus into Tehran’s electricity supply to plunge the city into darkness†19 There have been suggestions that since 1990 the world (or at least the West) has undergone a so called Revolution in Military Affairs – i.e. a total change in the way that war is fought. Given this, is the idea of decisive battle still relevant? Some institutions clearly feel that it is not – especially as the types of wars that will be fought are so different: â€Å"ironically the dominance that the US will gain from the RMA†¦ will be such that the nature of future conflict will force competitors to deliver asymmetric strategies, including weapons of mass destruction, to counter the US superiority.20 In these new types of conflicts, the search for Clausewitzian decisive victory will be far more elusive and far less relevant than in conventional conflicts†.21 Despite the above quote, I believe that the idea is still relevant – but that the methods that can be used to bring about a decisive victory have changed. As has been seen an enemy can be defeated without using conventional ground troops at all – instead a wide range of different assets could be used. Indeed one view of future warfare suggests that victory (but not necessarily destruction) over an enemy force could be achieved without the use of weapons: â€Å"First a computer virus is inserted into the aggressors telephone switching stations, bringing about a total failure of the phone system. Next computer logic bombs set to activate at certain times, destroy the electronic routers that control rail lines and military convoys†¦ meanwhile enemy field officers obey the orders they receive over the radios unaware that the commands are phoney†¦ US planes, specially outfitted for psychological operations, then jam the enemy’s TV broadcasts with propaganda messages that turn the populace against the ruler. When the despot boots up his PC, he finds that millions of dollars he has hoarded in his Swiss bank account have been zeroed out. Zapped. All without firing a shot†22 This example is quite interesting as it simultaneously supports the relevance of Clausewitz, while at the same time proving how his writings have become dated in places It supports the notion of decisive victory in that it shows how a country can conclusively defeat an enemy – thus supporting his idea of decisive victory. But at the same time it shows clearly that not all of Clausewitz is still relevant. For example Clausewitz seemed cynical about the idea of achieving victory without much (or any) violence: â€Å"How are we to counter the highly sophisticated theory that supposes it is possible for a particularly ingenious method of inflicting minor direct damage on the enemy’s forces to lead to major indirect destruction; or that claims to produce by means of limited but skilfully applied blows, such paralysis of the enemy’s forces and control of his willpower as to constitute a significant shortcut to victory†23 This argument clearly shows that not all of Clausewitz has aged well – obviously during the Napoleonic era the idea of information warfare did not exist – so it would have been next to impossible to win a war using non violent means – however as has been shown in this age it is at least technically possible to achieve such a victory. It suggests that some parts of Clausewitz’s work should perhaps be seen as less relevant to certain situations than others. One area which appears to still be relevant is Clausewitz’s comments on the application of force. In the West today public opinion seems to favour engagements with minimal casualties – the public seem to want intervention when scenes of suffering are on TV (the so called CNN effect), but at the same time seem unwilling to tolerate the idea of people dying to stop the suffering24. This is a situation where Clausewitz noted that: â€Å"If one side uses force without compunction, undeterred by the bloodshed it involves while the other side refrain, the first will gain the upper hand†.25 This idea seems to have been taken onboard by a number of third world leaders who have engaged in some form of conflict with Western Countries (primarily the USA). A good example of this is the conflicts in Somalia – when the USA sent in troops to help restore order to the country they were hampered by restrictive rules of engagement and limited amounts of equipment – for example tanks as these were felt inappropriate. 26On the other hand, the opposition led by self styled Warlord General Aideed had no such restrictions – and it showed – he was repeatedly able to gain the upper hand and when US/UN troops attempted to capture him he was able to ambush and kill literally dozens of them.27 The images of American bodies being abused were enough to force an immediate and humiliating withdrawal from Somalia – a classic Clausewitzian example of one side using force when the other was unwilling and gaining the advantage – in this case over the strongest power in the world. This lesson illustrates an area where Clausewitz’s views on war are still highly relevant – indeed it appears that other countries learnt from this experience – in Haiti for example when the US sent a landing ship into the country to enforce a UN brokered peace agreement in 1994 they were met by a bunch of thugs who: â€Å"shook their fists, waved placards and shouted threats at the US ship. They were hooligans who would have dispersed at the first sign of well armed troops. But among their slogans was one in particular â€Å"we are going to turn this place into another Somalia†. News of the ‘Welcome Party’ and its curses were flashed to Washington where it provoked a panic†¦. The Clinton administration immediately ordered the (USS) Harlan County to withdraw from Haitian waters and to sail back to the USA†28 Again this is another good example of how even the threat to employ violence against a country which is not prepared to do so can have a major influence out of all proportion to the size of the protestors. It also demonstrates the continuing influence of Clausewitzian ideas. The example used above of the American experience in Somalia and Haiti is also relevant to Clausewitz’s ideas on ‘The centre of gravity’ – an idea which Clausewitz defined as follows: â€Å"What the theorist has to say here is this: one must keep the dominant characteristics of both belligerents in mind. Out of those characteristics a certain centre of gravity develops, the hub of all power and movement on which everything depends. That is the point at which all our energies should be directed†29 Furthermore Clausewitz identified three key components of this idea: â€Å"The Opponents army, his capital and, if he had a stronger protector the army of his ally. Since all of these were vulnerable to attack, said Clausewitz, ‘the defeat and destruction of his fighting force remains the best way to begin, and will in any case be a very significant feature of the campaign'†30 A good example of this would be the case of the Royal Navy during the Falklands War – Argentina identified the carriers as the centre of gravity for the UK operation and spent a good deal of time trying to sink them. As the commander of the Task Force noted: â€Å"If they hit Hermes or Invincible the Royal Navy will somehow be publicly disgraced†¦Worse yet, the British military will become the laughing stock of the world, limping home in defeat. John Bull humbled at last. At sea.†31 Although Clausewitz did not write on maritime warfare this is a clear example of how important the destruction of a naval fighting component can be to the success of a war. Other good examples of a country identifying and targeting the centre of gravity include Iraq’s use of Scud missiles against Israel during the Gulf war – had Israel responded militarily then it is likely that the coalition against Iraq would have collapsed as it seems doubtful that Arab powers such as Egypt and Syria would willingly fight on the same side as Israel. This supports Clausewitz’s ideas of attacking the armies (or at least cities) of allies to win the war. 32 For the coalition however attacking and destroying the Iraqi army (primarily the Republican Guard) was of vital importance – not only as knocking it out would win the war – but also destroying the Republican Guard would remove Saddam Hussein’s power base and hopefully make it impossible for him to remain as leader of Iraq. The Gulf War is a good example then of Clausewitz’s ideas continuing to be highly relevant to the planning of a military campaign. However some commentators (QUOTE!!) feel that the Gulf War was probably the last large conventional war to be fought by the West and that the nature of war in the future has changed. I believe then that the centre of gravity idea is still highly relevant – however I feel that it has become more refined since Clausewitz’s time. Although Clausewitz feels that there are only three key areas to which it applies, I feel that today the centre of gravity can be practically anything. For example in Somalia and Haiti – the use of force and the threat to use force proved the Americans centre – when faced with even the possibility of casualties, the Americans withdrew. This suggests that today the centre of gravity can be anything from a capital city to a single infantryman – who if killed could cause a change in policy. Another change is that Clausewitz assumed that the centre of gravity would be identical for both sides – whereas today that is not the case – a good example is that of the asymmetric warfare that is being waged between the USA and the terrorist Osama Bin Laden – he recognised the Pentagon and World Trade Centre as key examples of American power and prestige and saw them as their centre of gravity in any terrorist action. The Americans on the other hand see Bin Laden as the key centre of gravity – The most powerful country on earth is fighting a war, with a single man as their key target. This is a dramatic change from the days of mass warfare which Clausewitz was used to, and demonstrates not only the rapidly changing nature of warfare, but also illustrates the way that Clausewitz’s ideas can continue to be adapted to look at warfare in the present day. During this essay I have looked at a number of Clausewitz’s ideas in an attempt to see whether they have continuing relevance in a world where warfare is very different from the time when On War was written. By and large I feel that Clausewitz’s ideas are still relevant – or at least able to be adapted into the present day. Where he is not so relevant is more due to the development of weapons and styles of warfare that he could not have possibly been aware of, rather than through any fault of his own. I feel that the following quote sums up nicely the relevance of Clausewitz to this day: â€Å"Of course not all of Clausewitz’s military thought has remained relevant. His vision of war did not include its economic, air, sea and space dimensions for example. But his concept of war†¦will remain valid as long as states, drug lords, warrior clans and terrorist groups have mind to wage it†33 1 Information taken from On War, p5, Carl Von Clausewitz, (edited by Michael Howard & Peter Paret), 1984, Princeton University Press. 2 The Conduct of War 1789-1961, Chapter 4, p59. Major General J.F.C.Fuller, 1972 Methuen 3 Clausewitz, Michael Howard, p11, 1983, Oxford University Press. 4 Information taken from On War, p5, Carl Von Clausewitz, (edited by Michael Howard & Peter Paret), 1984, Princeton University Press 5 Indeed there is evidence to suggest that by 1827 he considered only the first chapter of book one to be complete – the remainder needing revision. Source The Conduct of War 1789-1961, Chapter 4, p59. Major General J.F.C.Fuller, 1972 Methuen 6 Makers of Modern Strategy, p208, Oxford University Press, 2000 edition. 7 Clausewitz, Michael Howard, p01, 1983, Oxford University Press. 8 Quote taken from www.gov.au/lwsc/publications/CA%eEssays/RMA 9 On War, p75, Carl Von Clausewitz, (edited by Michael Howard & Peter Paret), 1984, Princeton University Press 10 On War, p75, Carl Von Clausewitz, (edited by Michael Howard & Peter Paret), 1984, Princeton University Press 11 Sun Tzu’s art of War, The modern Chinese interpretation, p95 General Tao Hanzhang, 1987, David and Charles 12 Masters of War, Sun Tzu, Clausewitz and Jomini, p32, Michael I.Handel 1992, Frank Cass 13 On War, p87, Carl Von Clausewitz, (edited by Michael Howard & Peter Paret), 1984, Princeton University Press 14 Quote taken from www.Clausewitz.com, however text is from an article originally published in Joint Forces Quarterly, Winter 1995-1996 which is reproduced on the website. 15 For example – what are the current victory objectives in the campaign in Afghanistan and how will we know when victory has been achieved? 16 On War, p230, Carl Von Clausewitz, (edited by Michael Howard & Peter Paret), 1984, Princeton University Press 17 For example the possible attempts at the time of writing by US/UK special forces to capture or eliminate Osama Bin Laden. 18 Even then Clausewitz did not attempt to write on maritime operations – concentrating solely on land warfare. 19 The Next World War,p14, James Adams, 1998 Hutchinson. 20 A good example of this prediction was seen with the terrorist attack on the 11th of September. 21 Quote taken from www.gov.au/lwsc/publications/CA%eEssays/RMA 22 Flashpoint World War Three, p153-154, Andrew Murray, 1997, Pluto Press 23 On War, p228, Carl Von Clausewitz, (edited by Michael Howard & Peter Paret), 1984, Princeton University Press 24 Given the current situation in the USA it will be interesting to see whether the so called ‘body bag’ syndrome has ended or whether once US troops are killed, public opinion will change to demand a more peaceful solution. 25 On War, p75-76, Carl Von Clausewitz, (edited by Michael Howard & Peter Paret), 1984, Princeton University Press 26 Information taken from Deliver us From Evil, (Chapter 4), William Shawcross,2000, Bloomsbury. 27 Total American losses in Somalia were 30 dead, 175 wounded, the UN lost 72 killed and 87 wounded (Source World Conflicts, Patrick Brogan, 1998, Bloomsbury) 28 Deliver us from evil, p103, William Shawcross, 2000 Bloomsbury. 29 On War, p596, Carl Von Clausewitz, (edited by Michael Howard & Peter Paret), 1984, Princeton University Press 30 Clausewitz, Michael Howard, p39, 1983, Oxford University Press. (Professor Howard incorporates a quote from On War, p596, Carl Von Clausewitz, (edited by Michael Howard & Peter Paret), 1984, Princeton University Press) 31 One Hundred Days, p100, Admiral Sandy Woodward, 1992, Harper Collins 32 However – given the overwhelming amount of Western military power in the region and the political willpower to fight the war, it seems likely that Iraq would still have lost the war – whether Israel was a centre of gravity in the sense that it could remove the coalition from the war seems dubious. 33 Quote taken from www.Clausewitz.com, however text is from an article originally published in Joint Forces Quarterly, Winter 1995-1996 which is reproduced on the website.

To What Extent are Tutors and Students Responsible for the Learning Essay

To What Extent are Tutors and Students Responsible for the Learning Experience in Higher Education - Essay Example Many experiments have been done on the same and several critics have given the drawbacks and necessary steps that need to overcome them to have a better learning experience. On keeping this as a starting note, it is high time that equal importance is given to students and their learning experience at a higher education level. The primary factor that determines the scale of the learning experience of every student is their boredom factor. So, in order to identify the extent to which the students and teachers are responsible for the learning experience in higher education, an analysis has to be made with boredom as a critical factor.( Mann & Robinson 2009) To give a brief explanation of what boredom is, it can be attributed to person's state of mind when he has nothing to do that he likes. On an analysis on what causes boredom among students which in turn leads them to have a bad learning experience, it was found out that the teaching techniques of the lectures and the methods they fol low to be the primary reason. Some of the teaching methods followed by teachers evoke a passive environment of learning. Also, a one-way relationship between teachers and students could also lead to a dip in their learning curve. On the other side, a student's individual interest also plays a part on the grade one earns in learning. (Gjesne 1977) If the student is not open towards learning new things, irrespective of whatever the teacher presents. Then, the student is at the receiving end for all the blames of having a lean learning experience. Hence a cognitive analysis is required on both sides to determine the extent of impact on learning experience. ( Mann & Robinson 2009) Teachers' effect on learning experience The main teaching method that is followed in most of the universities is converting text to computer PowerPoint presentations and presenting them. Although studies have shown that these methods have improved the learning outcomes of students, there have been cases where it has had a negative impact on students. Hence a factual study of whether these presentations have improved the learning outcomes have not been provided yet.

Why I Want To Become a Nurse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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International Ethics - Assignment Example Lastly, illegal immigrants pose serious problems to the states, imposing enormous economic costs and are a major concern in the times of today. In the recent years the outbreak of the global war on terror has raised serious issues of human rights and distributive justice in the international system. According to scholars "the term  distributive justice  refers to fair, equitable, and appropriate distribution determined by justified norms that structure the terms of social cooperation" (Beauchamp and Childress, 226). Moral and ethical troubles take place with distributive justice when there is tug war for resources. Also with the ongoing war on terrorism serious human right violations are observed, bloodshed of innocents, torture and targeted killings of many etc. Human rights are relevant to terrorism as concerns both its victims and its perpetrators ( Zalman). It is believed by many that for a state to emphasize on its national security, it has to steal away the rights of others resulting in concerns of human security and distributive justice. These beliefs however vary in different schools of thoughts. Where war is inevitable for realists, the idealists view it unnecessary, unethical and immoral.  Idealism holds that a state should make its internal political  philosophy  the goal of its foreign policy which is never war. A â€Å"realist† foreign policy of a state places national interests and security above ideology, ethics and morality (Ziring et al, 9). The idealist school believes that foreign policy must reflect the ethical, moral and philosophical values of the country. Realists approach would defend and promote violation of human rights and distributive justice for the defense of national security however an idealists approach would condemn that. As a Secretary of Foreign Policy and International Ethics I would design an assessment which would

Politics in Cambodia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Politics in Cambodia - Essay Example Racial discrimination, in most cases, occurs in several ways. Mostly, racial discrimination takes the form of biological supremacy where those who discriminate believe they are superior and better than the rest. However, the superiority concept is not always a factor in racial discrimination. As was in the case of the genocide in Cambodia, the Khmer Rouges, the main native group, actively discriminated the rest of the groups not necessarily based on their biological identities. On the contrary, racial discrimination in the country was based on economics, politics and their cultural composition of the groups. Stereotyping of issues around these concepts mainly led to racial discrimination of the minority groups. For instance, wealth was an important factor that determined how the Khmer Rouge treated each person. In that respect, the Cambodians were divided into two broad categories; the base people mainly made of the peasant farmers in rural areas and the new people who lived in citie s. Consequently, the new people suffered the most; they were forced to handle tough jobs in extreme conditions. Later, the text will illustrate how the stereotyping of the urban new Chinese minority as economically endowed persons led to exploitation and discrimination policies under the regime. Stereotyping of the Chinese as being among the wealthy class groups resulted in racial discrimination where they  faced  harsher terms compared to the native Khmer.

Ways For Choc Deluxe Ltd To Get Rid Of The Present Difficulties Essay - 4

Ways For Choc Deluxe Ltd To Get Rid Of The Present Difficulties - Essay Example The researcher states that in this era of global competition, all the multinational companies experience huge competition in the global framework. Such competition further intensifies due to the market expansion and increasing demand in the emerging markets of developing countries. Therefore, all the companies involved into business are required to maintain the quality standards of their products and services so that they can retain their competitive position in the concerned market segment and confirm the provision for future growth. Choc Deluxe Ltd. is a fictitious small-scale chocolate producing company that especially concentrates on premium segment. This global industry player has been able to establish its business within a short span of time and it is expected that the company will show a growth rate of 30% within the next five years period of time. Such growth has been forecasted by experiencing a huge demand for the products, particularly from the emerging economies. Therefo re, it is implied that the company is required to expand its production capacity in order to address such increasing demand in upcoming days. However, while planning for production expansion, management of Choc Deluxe Ltd. identified that they do not have required level of supply of Criollo cocoa beans, which is the key ingredient for the company’s products. As the Christmas was approaching, the company has already committed to supplying bulk of their products and services in various departmental stores and other retailers.

Buffron Needle Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Buffron Needle Problem - Essay Example The assumption would be that the lines are parallel to the x-axis. Two variables exist in this scenario; the angle with which the needle would be tilted to the lines, ÆŸ, and the distance between the closest line and the center, which would never exceed half the distance between the equidistant lines (See fig. 2 below) The assumption is that the needle would land at a random point between the lines and the angle of inclination would be another random variable. It should further be assumed that the random variables are a result of uniform distribution. This picture depicts the needle missing the line and the needle could only be on the line if the distance closest to a line, D would be less than or equal to  ½SinÆŸ, that is D ≠¤  ½SinÆŸ. This could be illustrated better using figure 3 below. From this, the values representing a hit would occur below or on the curve, D ≠¤ 1/2SinÆŸ. The probability of hitting the line would be computed as a ratio of the shaded curve to the area of the entire rectangle. The area under the curve would be computed using integrals between zero and Ï€. This will give a result of 1. The rectangle would have an area of  ½Ãâ‚¬. The probability of hitting the line would therefore be 1/ ( ½Ãâ‚¬) = 2/Ï€, which is approximately 0.6366. To work out Ï€, the number of needle drops, say N would be multiplied by two and then divided by the number of hits, N’. That is: This would be a situation where the needle is long and its length, l, would be greater than the distance between the equidistant lines. Hence, x = l/d > l. The probability that the needle would intersect a line would be computed using the expression below: Consider the size parameter x = l/d. Taking N as the number of crossings and n as the tosses made by a short needle of size parameter x, then N would have a binomial distribution as a function of n and 2x/Ï€. The point estimator with regard to

Marketing 100 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing 100 - Research Paper Example Sanitarium claims that its Weet-Bix wheat biscuits are an ideal breakfast food because it fulfills calorie needs and energy requirements. Indeed, the major ingredients include fibre, fat and sugar (low), vitamins, milk, zinc, magnesium, folate and iron (Product Review, 2010). The Sanitarium Company offers its products at all retail stores, grocery shops and online stores for convenience of buyers across Australia and New Zealand. The company uses competitive pricing strategy because of highly competitive nature of food and confectionary industry. The prices range from $1 – 10 because of differences in flavours, sizing and quantity. In simple words, the prices will remain competitive because there is greater threat of substitute products from existing companies such as Kelloggs, Uncle Toys, House brands, Nestle and other small scale producers and marketers. It is worthwhile to mention that Kelloggs has been marketing Nutri-grain, Cheerios, Coco Pops and Nesquik in Australian market. In conclusion, there is stiff competition that keeps prices affordable for consumers from different social classes (Demo Design Report, 2006). The Sanitarium Company has already expanded its operations all across Australia because of an efficient distribution and supply chain network. The company supplies its product to all retail and commercial stores, grocery houses, medicine shops and online stores. In this way, Sanitarium has increased market reach of Weet-Bix product and has attracted maximum customers towards its brand. In addition, the company focuses on efficient supply because the Utility of Place and Time play a vital role in success of any food product. Sanitarium has inducted a new eCargo system to ensure flexibility in distribution channels, to reduce human error and to facilitate record keeping, freight and inventory management (Ecargo Report, 2010). The company

Health and Safety Gap Analysis Essay Example for Free

Health and Safety Gap Analysis Essay 1. GAP Analysis and GANT chart. This was a good start and gave us something to aim for. We have made some progress but not enough. It didn’t really tackle the serious issues and had a poor starting point in the GAP analysis (should have been a risk assessment). Many initiatives have failed due to poor information flow and management commitment. 2. Management buy-in Not enough support from all Managers at all levels. â€Å"We are too busy† was a common phrase heard, IOSH guidance on Safety management systems states that â€Å"Managers need to manage health and safety issues effectively, no matter how busy they are and whatever their workload†. E.g., Kev too busy for training Alex all sorts of issues David very good No action on recommendations. Heath and safety is seen as a secondary business activity, not as a primary consideration. Everyone has suggestions to improve health and Safety at Barfoots but most are not willing to take action when required. Low attendance at the committee meetings, I feel as though they are a waste of time 3. Health and safety committee Nothing is ever sorted out as there is low attendance I would suggest forming a new committee formed by safety representatives from each area of the business. Safety reps would need training in health and safety and allowed time to discharge their duties. 4. My role Heath and safety management is not just about one person, but about the whole organisation working towards a common goal, ‘the reduction of accidents and incidents’. At the moment all of this has been put on me. I sometimes feel confused as to what action to take next. Because people disregard actions I find it hard to keep track of what needs to be done. I am sometimes used as a backup because no one else is there at the time. IE water jug, signs, etc. What authority do I have? I need to spend more time on policy, organization and auditing than I do and less time on the daily management of the process. i. Fire procedures ii. Boom iii. Delivering and maintaining procedures iv. First aid v. Chasing up managers Not suitably qualified, NEBOSH 1-2 years  £2300-  £5000 We are now a multi site business growing rapidly. My skills need to grow with it. MHSWR 99 requires that every employer shall appoint one or more competent persons to assist and advise on health and safety. I nave taken advice which suggested that I should be qualified to NEBOSH level. Syllabus is based around the development and implementation of a OSHMS in a company. Potentially reduced costs in terms of outsourced services, Fire survey, noise survey etc. It will mean that I have accountability as written in my job description. Who do I report to and is that the right person? 5. OSHMS We set out with a list of goals and have achieved some but not others. The first goal should have been the establishment of a an OSHMS in order to create a structure to hang everything else off. There are a number of options for OSHMS all of them based on the Plan Do Check Act principle PDCA HSG65 BS 8800 OHSAS 18001 ILO HSG65 Is the HSE’s OSHMS and states â€Å"†¦ if you do follow the guidance you will normally be doing enough to comply with the law† We can audit against an OSHMS and set performance targets.

Biographies of Oneil and Adele Cannon Essay Example for Free

Biographies of Oneil and Adele Cannon Essay Oneil and Adele Cannon will be honored this year as they celebrate fifty years of an activist marriage. The following is just a short summary of the many ways Oneil and Adele Cannon have contributed to the history of Los Angeles. The great French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-78) wrote in his work Emile: â€Å"there is no happiness without courage nor virtue without struggle†. This is a quote that certainly can apply to the lives of Oneil Cannon and his wife Adele. As they celebrate fifty years of an activist marriage, their life journey has exemplified the qualities of courage and struggle. The causes that they have fought together are a chronicle of the progressive movement over the last half century. Oneil Cannon was born in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana on January 28, 1917. He attended grammar and high school in New Orleans, Louisiana. In his 20’s he was drafted into the Army in Louisiana. He first visited L. A. during his furlough from the Army, to visit his sister and younger brother. He met and married his first wife, Elizabeth, in New Orleans in 1939. After his discharge from the Army in 1945 he felt that Los Angeles would probably offer better opportunities for a man and his young family, so they moved to Watts. This was during the era of a large migration of African-Americans from the south to California and other northern states. In order to sustain an income in those beginning years, he had various jobs. In 1946 he obtained a position as an Insurance Agent with the historical Golden State Insurance Company (the first insurance company to predominantly serve the African American community in Los Angeles). As Oneil puts it: â€Å"My brother Fred and I had opened our own printing shop in Watts before either of us knew very much about printing. We were both just out of the Army (World War II) and after a time, we decided that I would go to school and learn printing. I studied printing at Frank Wiggins Trade School which later became Trade Tech Junior College in the years 1947 to 1950. Fred would stay and take care of the shop and then I would come home and teach my brother what I learned at school about printing. That was my job. That’s the way we did it. So we both became printers at the same time, but I became a printing teacher, the same day that I became a printing student. We ran the shop and studied between meetings and other community activities, which we were both involved in Mrs. Carlotta Bass, editor and publisher of the California Eagle Newspaper, (who also introduced Oneil to Paul Robeson) also had a printing shop needing someone to take it over at that time. So Oneil went in and made a deal with hershe rented him the use of the printing shop. Therefore Oneil was in business for himself as the California Eagle Printing Company (1950-55). Also, he still worked with his brother at the Quick Service Advertisers Print Shop on 111th and Wilmington. They printed signs, leaflets and advertisements for various funeral establishments, political causes and groups, and businesses in the community. One day Carlotta Bass came into the printishop with some people to talk to Oneil about the Printers Union. Because of his hands-on work and training as a printer, they invited him to join in starting a campaign to break the color line in the Printers Union. This was a significant point in continuing the struggle for equal opportunities for all, and shows his genuine concern and courage to bring justice to the community. Philip â€Å"Slim† Connelly from the CIO, asked if he could participate in this very important campaign. Prior to this time, the Union did not have any African American members. Considering Oneil’s history of activism, from the voting rights movement in the south in the 1930’s, to being involved in breaking the color bar in the International Typographical Union (ITU), this was one of the most important, telling and dramatic labors of his life. Oneil stated, â€Å"This is how I got started to working on getting into a printing union. After getting all sorts of â€Å"run arounds† from printing unions, somehow some of the Communists who were in the ITU came to me and offered to help, if I was really interested in breaking the Jim Crow status in the printing industry and unions in Los Angeles. I had absolutely no doubts that I was ready for this struggle; â€Å"a piece of cake†, after all, hadn’t I just come from â€Å"Jim Crow† Louisiana where I’d lived all my life, and hadn’t I just gotten out, after three years in a â€Å"Jim Crow† Army. I had been all over Los Angeles looking for, and working on different jobs. But you â€Å"ain’t† lived until you have to deal with well-organized trade union bigots. These dudes were really pros. Interestingly, I never once heard them attacking my desire for membership on the basis of race, but only because the people who advocated my membership were Communists. Incidentally, I never saw any membership cards, but saw that they knew of my efforts to become a printers union member, and that they were the ones who came to my assistance. Logic tells me that there was something strange about the Union’s argument, because if they hated Communists so badly, why were these white Communists â€Å"in the union†, and not one African American? This point was raised by one of the comrades on the union floor and he was roundly booed, but not put out of the union. † Oneil finally became a member of the Printers Union, but then was never sent out to jobs. When he went to the Union Hall, somehow there was no work for him. However, some of his friends benefited by Oneil breaking that barrier, and did get jobs. So the struggle continued. Meanwhile, Oneil continued operating his own â€Å"Union† printing business Fidelity Lettershop, which he continues to run today. â€Å"I ended up not only running my own printing shop, but also teaching graphic arts at S. T. E. P. ne of the â€Å"Poverty Programs† and eventually I retired as a California State credentialed graphic arts teacher in 1999. This is where he first met (now Congresswoman) Maxine Waters. I still teach on a volunteer basis at the Paul Robeson Center in south Los Angeles, of which I am the director. I’ve been teaching printing a long time. † Oneil and Adele met in 1947, while working together as part of a political team in South Los Angeles during the campaign to put Henry Wallace (who was running against Truman) and the Independent Progressive Party (IPP) on the Ballot. Adele was also an activist, beginning with the Franklin Roosevelt campaign as a precinct worker. Adele Marx Rosenfield was born in El Paso, Texas in 1923. Her family moved to California in about 1936 and she graduated from Fairfax High School in 1940. She then attended UCLA to study Chemistry. After Pearl Harbor, she enlisted in the WAVES, but was discharged after only 17 days due to â€Å"political activities in civilian life†. It turned out the government had interviewed a friend of the family who told of her activities. She married and had two children—Jan and Dale Goodman. Adele and Oneil were married in December, 1954. When her youngest child, Jan Goodman, was in Junior High School she went back to school at UCLA Extension and then for her Masters of Business Administration at Cal State Dominguez, while working as an office manager, and raising a family. After earning her CPA and working as a full-time accountant, she served as the Peace and Freedom Party’s State Treasurer for 16 years and is still a State Officer of the Peace and Freedom Party. Since starting to work together as part of a political team in South Los Angeles during the campaign to put Henry Wallace and the Independent Progressive Party (IPP) on the ballot in the late 1940’s, they continued as a team when fighting to free the Rosenbergs and later Angela Davis. One fight always led to another, as they fought as part of the IPP to force employers to hire African and Mexican- Americans, where the slogon was don’t bank or buy where you can’t work. As part of the South-East Inter-Racial Council, they fought to end segregated housing and restrictive covenants and to bring Negro History Week into the Los Angeles City Schools. Always striving to bring peace, they gathered signatures to the Stockholm Peace Petition, fought and demonstrated against the wars in Vietnam and continue to fight for Middle East peace. As they raised their six kids, the Cannons fought to bring equal education to South Los Angeles, including the multi-years struggle led by Odessa Cox to bring a Junior college to South Los Angeles, which culminated in the establishment of Southwest Community College. They were also involved from the beginning to acquire a health facility of some kind in Watts, which ultimately came under the leadership of Ted and Bernice Watkins and the Watts Labor Community Action Committee (WLCAC), a predecessor of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Hospital. Oneil Cannon is known to current activists as owner/operator/union printer at his print shop, Fidelity Educational Press. Oneil, along with his wife Adele and others co-founded the Paul Robeson Community Center in 1986. When they were thinking about a name for this Center, their daughter Jan Goodman suggested it be named in honor of Paul Robeson since their goal was to establish a multi-cultural/multi-ethnic community center. Therefore, who better to exemplify multi-culturalism than Paul Robeson. In the Cannons’ fifty years as a team, they have certainly lived their motto to improve our community. Instead of leaving when the kids were grown, they stayed to continue the fight for better schools and living conditions in South Los Angeles. In this way they have been able to truly contribute to a multi-cultural South Los Angeles.

Introduction To Footwear Industry Marketing Essay

Introduction To Footwear Industry Marketing Essay Footwear is a human made outer covering of foot. When the human beings came into existence, they were required to protect themselves from, cold dampness, dust, heat, and roughness of ground while standing, walking or even running. So they originate shoes for the protection of their feet. It is conventionally made out of leather  but the aforesaid can be made with synthetic material. The importance of footwear is highly realised in western and other countries, so the footwear industry developed in full motion that originated companies like Nike, Adidas, Puma, Reebok etc. In recent years, there has been a temperament for the footwear sector in the developing world to become successful in exporting to industrially advanced countries. Local markets in developing countries for domestically produced footwear have also grown. These latest trends have resulted in the entrenchment of relatively large scale and capital intensive plants. Domestic enterprises with less access to technical information have thus tended to adopt manufacturing methods similar to those in turn-key factories, at the expense of technologies more suitable to local conditions, especially at low scales of production. In western countries especially in Europe, the footwear industry has declined in the last few years. While in 2005, there were about 27.000 firms engaged in footwear industry; in 2008 there were only 24.000. Along with the number of firms, the direct employment has also decreased. The only factors that remained almost steady were production value and the value added at facto r cost. In the United States, the annual shoe industry revenue recorded in 2012 was $48 billion. There are around 29.000 shoe stores in the United States and the footwear industry employs about 189.000 people. Due to increasing imports, these figures are also declining. The only way of staying alive in the shoe market is to establish a presence in niche markets. 200px-Logo_NIKE.svg.png Nike, Inc. ORIGIN Nike, originally known as Blue Ribbon Sports (BRS), was founded by University of Oregon track athlete Philip Knight and his coach Bill Bower man in January 1964. They and the people they hired evolved and grew the company that became Nike from a U.S.-based footwear distributor to a global marketer of athletic footwear, apparel and equipment that is unrivalled in the world. KEY FACTS Headquarters: Washington County, Oregon, United States Founded: 1964 (as Blue Ribbon Sports) 1978 (as Nike, Inc.) Employees: 38000(May 2011) Website: www.nike.com SLOGAN Just Do It. The famous Nike slogan came from a rather unknown source revel killer Gary Gilmore, who received the death penalty for killing two people in Utah, United States in July, 1976. He was asked if he had any last words. Lets do it, he said. When Dan Wieden was asked to create a tagline for Nike, suddenly Gilmores words just seemed to fit. Lets was changed to Just to add a dash of intensity. MILESTONES In 1970 they introduced first line of footwear with a waffle sole and named it Moon Shoe and it was a big hit. At that time Nikes market share and sales increased dramatically. During this period for the first time they sponsored Italian football team. Adidas-blue.png ADIDAS Inc. ORIGIN Adidas Inc. is a German manufacturer, a marketer of athletic shoes and sports apparel. Adidas was founded in 1948 and was named after its founder, Adolf (Adi) Dassler. His aim was to provide athletes with the best possible sports gear and equipment. For over eight decades the Adidas Group has been part of sports on every level, providing state of the art sports: apparel, footwear and accessories. Today, the Adidas Group is an international leader in the sporting goods business and offers an outspread portfolio of sporting goods. KEY FACTS Headquarters: Herzogenaurach, Germany Founded: 1924 as Gebrà ¼der Dassler Schuhfabrik (registered in 1949 as Adidas) Employees: 42540(Dec 2010) Website: www.adidas-group.com SLOGAN Impossible is Nothing, represents the attitude that the company has been trying to inculcate in its customers. Through this slogan the customers are constantly reminded of that anyone can achieve the impossible, taking into account the products of Adidas. The slogan brings out endurance and hope for the customers that Adidas brings out best for the athletes. MILESTONES PUMA.jpg PUMA Se ORIGIN Puma is a major German Multinational Company that produces high end athletic shoes. The Company is known for its football shoes and accessories and has sponsored acclaimed footballers. The Company was formed in 1924 as Gebrà ¼der Dassler Schuhfabrik by Rudolf Dassler and Adolf. In 1948, Rudolf Dassler formed his own shoes company called PUMA Schuhfabrik Rudolf Dassler. KEY FACTS Headquarters: Herzogenaurach, Germany Founded: 1924 as Gebrà ¼der Dassler Schuhfabrik (registered in 1948) Employees: 9310(Dec 2010) Website: www.puma.com LOGO The Puma logo has an image of a leaping Puma, an animal otherwise called a cougar, a panther or a mountain lion. Active both day and night, it is a powerful beast and an expert hunter that can jump to maximum of 20 feet high in a single bounce. By incorporating the creature in the Puma logo, the company has summarized the complete meaning of its product into a powerful identity. The Puma logo itself characterises the brands reliability and its product. MILESTONES Soon after the company is founded, Rudolf Dassler successfully made a football boot with screw-in studs, in association with experts, such as Sepp Herberger. The successful launch of the SUPER ATOM, the worlds first ever screw-in boot, which Dassler launches in 1952. original-reebok-logo.gif REEBOK ORIGIN Reebok is a United Kingdom based ancestor company which was founded to provide athletes with a shoe which could assist in running fast. So, in the 1890s, Joseph William Foster innovated shoes with spikes in them. By 1895, he was in business making shoes; and before long his developing company, J.W. Foster and Sons created an international clientele of different athletes. The family owned business majestically made the running shoes worn in the 1924 Summer Games by the athletes celebrated in the film Chariots of Fire.It is a subsidiary of Adidas since 2005. KEY FACTS Headquarters: Canton, Massachusetts, US Founded: 1895 (as J.W. Foster and Sons) in England, United Kingdom Parent Company: Adidas Website: www.reebok.com LOGO The original Reebok logo depicts the Union Jack, depicting the companys bashful beginnings in Bolton, England in 1895.But in order to link the brand with youth market they brought a new logo i.e., RBK in 2001. Celebrating the 50th anniversary of the success in 2008, Reebok brought back its original brand identity from RBK to Reebok. MILESTONES In 1982, Reebok introduced the first athletic shoe designed especially for women; a shoe for a hot new fitness exercise called aerobic dance. In 2004, Reebok became the worlds leading producer of hockey apparel and equipment with its acquisition of The Hockey Company. MARKET SHARE The graphs showcase the market share of top Companies in the market and also the growth trends over the past few years. This firms fight for market share through non price competition ,on strategies such as strengthening brand image and product proliferation. It is crucial to note that Adidas acquired Reebok in 2005, despite the brands have kept their corresponding names. The merger is an endeavour by Adidas to gain a concrete footing in the United States and to challenge market leader Nike. However, if you conjoin sales volume of both the brands they combine for less than Nikes total.  Also very interesting is the Others grouping that accounts for 40% market share.

life lessons :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since I was young until now, I have learned a lot of life’s lessons. And some I go by, and some I use once and then get rid of them. But there are ones that I keep for a short time, and keep for a long time, because you never know when they will come in handy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The ones that I have still, they are good ones. I keep the good ones, and just forget the bad ones, because why keep lessons that will not help get you some where or get you out of a jam. Having little good life lessons is a lot better than having a lot of great life lessons or a lot of bad life lessons.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is one main life lesson that I use all the time. And it is, to never be a quitter, because being a quitter is worse than losing. Being a quitter is even worse than being a loser. Cause, who would want to be called a quitter their whole life. I would rather spend extra time trying to get it down and done, then be a quitter. Cause if you quit at one thing, most will quit every time a roadblock is in their way.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Life lessons are good for people. They can help you more than they can hurt you. They really don’t hurt you, because they are like warnings for the bad stuff out in the world today. They are just little helpful hints. They are especially helpful when you are in the time of need. If a life’s lesson hurts you, you are using them in the wrong way.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I think the more life lessons you get and keep is good for your self-character. They show good character about you to other people. Because you don’t want to have badly self image. Because if other people see it as a bad self image, then you will try so hard to make it look like a good self image, and that you have good character, then it will make you look self absorb.

Puerto Rican Cultural And Religion :: essays research papers

Puerto Rican Cultural and Religion I am a member of the Puerto Rican American Families research team. I myself grew up in a Puerto Rican American, or "New Yorican", family. The assignment is a field study. The study is on an observation of the religious community. We visited a Roman Catholic church in Buffalo on the west side, which is a predominantly Hispanic area of the city. I myself am also a Roman Catholic. This is a slightly erred site, because I believe that most Puerto Ricans migrated to New York City. However, we were able to make some interesting observations. The group attended mass at Holy Cross; both an English and Spanish mass. It seemed that the group accepted our presence without any apprehension, however, as I stated before, this probably is a result of I myself being Puerto Rican American. There were some striking differences between the English mass and the Spanish mass. The first noticeable difference was in attendance. The Spanish mass had a considerable higher attendance than did the English mass. Also the appearance of the manner of dress. The attendees of the Spanish mass were more formally dressed than those of the English mass. Another major difference was in the music. The English mass had the "traditional" European "angelica" type singing. The Spanish mass, however, had more upbeat music, along with the use of "traditionally" Carribean instruments like maracas, for example. What does this suggest about the religious community of Puerto Rican Americans? I think that it is a balance between assimilation and preserving the culture. I think it is obvious that Roman Catholicism was not the native religion of Borinquen. Borinquen was the name of the island Puerto Rico before the conquest of the Spanish. So since they had already been forced to assimilate their culture into European culture by the Columbians, they found they could easily assimilate into American culture more readily than other cultures. However, we find in the Spanish mass, the use of Carribean instruments. This suggests an effort by the religious community to maintain the Puerto Rican culture. I personally have experienced the efforts to maintain Puerto Rican culture in the form of Santeria. Santeria is a religion practiced by, I guess, many Puerto Rican Americans. It is practiced in the homes of Puerto Rican Americans when they are not in church. Puerto Rican Cultural And Religion :: essays research papers Puerto Rican Cultural and Religion I am a member of the Puerto Rican American Families research team. I myself grew up in a Puerto Rican American, or "New Yorican", family. The assignment is a field study. The study is on an observation of the religious community. We visited a Roman Catholic church in Buffalo on the west side, which is a predominantly Hispanic area of the city. I myself am also a Roman Catholic. This is a slightly erred site, because I believe that most Puerto Ricans migrated to New York City. However, we were able to make some interesting observations. The group attended mass at Holy Cross; both an English and Spanish mass. It seemed that the group accepted our presence without any apprehension, however, as I stated before, this probably is a result of I myself being Puerto Rican American. There were some striking differences between the English mass and the Spanish mass. The first noticeable difference was in attendance. The Spanish mass had a considerable higher attendance than did the English mass. Also the appearance of the manner of dress. The attendees of the Spanish mass were more formally dressed than those of the English mass. Another major difference was in the music. The English mass had the "traditional" European "angelica" type singing. The Spanish mass, however, had more upbeat music, along with the use of "traditionally" Carribean instruments like maracas, for example. What does this suggest about the religious community of Puerto Rican Americans? I think that it is a balance between assimilation and preserving the culture. I think it is obvious that Roman Catholicism was not the native religion of Borinquen. Borinquen was the name of the island Puerto Rico before the conquest of the Spanish. So since they had already been forced to assimilate their culture into European culture by the Columbians, they found they could easily assimilate into American culture more readily than other cultures. However, we find in the Spanish mass, the use of Carribean instruments. This suggests an effort by the religious community to maintain the Puerto Rican culture. I personally have experienced the efforts to maintain Puerto Rican culture in the form of Santeria. Santeria is a religion practiced by, I guess, many Puerto Rican Americans. It is practiced in the homes of Puerto Rican Americans when they are not in church.

Sisters in The Color Purple Essay -- Alice Walker

In The Color Purple, written by Alice Walker, Celie's life was falling apart. Due to her step-father's actions, she became pregnant and then quickly had her children whisked away from her. She was sent away to marry a man she didn't know, and experienced more hardships than many could even attempt to fathom. Thankfully, she had her dear sister, Nettie, to think of and lean on both mentally and emotionally even when she wasn't able to be with her physically. In the beginning, the girl's mother was very sick. Their step-father took charge of the household and he began abusing Celie. Celie, being the oldest, accepted the abuse as a duty and attempted to stand her ground. She wanted to remain strong in order to insure the safety of her younger sister, Nettie. For Celie, the strength she found in enduring the abuses of her step-father remained with her throughout her life. Celie silently held her emotions inside and didn?t speak up in opposition when horrible things were going on all around her. When her step-father wanted to marry her off to Mr. _____, all she could think about was Nettie?s safety, and she never said a single word against it, though she was greatly conflicted in her mind. After she had been married off to Mr. , his sisters came to visit. They liked Celie a lot saying, ?Good housekeeper, good with children, good cook. Brother couldn?t have done better if he tried.? They weren?t able to see all the activity going on inside Celie?s head, though. She absolutely abhorred living with Mr. _____ and his horrendous children, but she had the strength she acquired from protecting Nettie, and she utilized it to suppress her emotions and in doing so, protect her well-being. Nettie was able to teach Celie any thin... ... because they had adopted Celie?s children before they had met Nettie and suspected she might have been the mother. All of this, though, was unbeknownst to Nettie. These two sisters had such an impact on the paths their lives took through their relationship. They provided each other with the strength each required to trudge though the situations their lives laid before them. They taught each other many valuable life lessons and to show love to other people. Even though they were literally oceans apart, they provided each other with a support system of family and friends, and most importantly they gave each other hope. Hope for the present and hope for the future, a future together. If Celie and Nettie didn?t have the intimate relationship they did, they wouldn?t have been able to make it through the trials to finally reach the reward of a life together in the end.

Psychology and Care Plan Essay

Questions 1 – Be able to assess the development needs of children or young people and repare a development plan. 1.1 – Explain factors that need to be taken into account when assessing development. * Progress * Improvement * Behaviours * Look at goals within care plan are they on track? * What activities they are partaking in and how well are they dealing with them. * Whether they are interested, compliant and accepting or not. 1.2 – Assess a child or young person’s development in following areas :- physical, communication, intellectual/ cognitive, social, emotional and behavioural and moral. A) Please see attached sheets of evidence (Daily session record and behaviour tick sheet) 1.3 – Explain the selection of assessment methods used. A) These methods are used to monitor mood, behaviour, what the young person has been doing during that session also the date and time of the session, so we can monitor if something is a regular occurrence on or at a certain time of day (looking for patterns). 1.4 – Develop a plan to meet the needs of a child or young person in the work setting. A) Please see attached care plan 1 – Be able to promote the development of children or young people 2.5 – Implement the development plan for a child or young person according to own Role and responsibilities, taking into account that development is holistic and interconnected. * Monitor the care plan on a daily basis to be aware of any changes and implement if necessary. * If I notice certain areas of the care plan are not working efficiently to meet the needs of the young person and could be improved upon it is my responsibility to report this back to the correct senior member of staff, so they can review and update if necessary. * When working with the young person if I notice any changes/ unusual behaviours to report to senior. 2.6 – Evaluate and revise the development plan in light of implementation. A) In reading the care plan since it was last reviewed I would advise it does need an update in regards of :- * The YP’s getting up in the morning as states that he is not good at getting up, but now is a lot better and tends to get straight up and for a shower with no issues and with little prompting. * The care plan states what the YP likes for breakfast but does not state that he also likes to make it himself. * Again stating the YP is getting better at going out and likes to go out, but doesn’t state specific preferences as he particularly likes to go to the park on the swings. * In the care plan I have noticed it doesn’t make aware that the YP finds his PECS strip useful at times instead of verbal communication and also avoids confusion with the YP * All others areas of the care plan remain unchanged at this time but will continue to review and monitor, so that any changes can be implemented asap to enable improvement and progress for the YP. 2.3- Explain the importance of a person centred and inclusive approach and give examples of how this is implemented in own work. * To meet the INDIVIDUAL needs of the Young person to ensure they are gaining all the positive effects and influences around them and developing at their individual pace. * Individual care plans of which the Young person has input * Following and adhering to the care plans * Residential meetings – asking the young people if they are happy with surroundings, if not what they would like to change. * Giving the YP’s choices of meals, activities and clothing to show individuality and personality 2.4– Observation 2.5 – Encourage children or young people to actively participate in decisions affecting their lives and the services they receive according to their age and abilities. * Residential meetings * Asking likes and dislikes * Giving choices around personal hygiene/ dietary needs * Giving choice in social activities * Choice of clothing for personal identity * Supporting in finance matters, giving them a choice what to spend their personal finances on. * Given as much choice and inclusion in decisions to meet individual needs 2 – Be able to respond to inappropriate behaviour 3.7 – Explain the features of an environment or service that promotes the development of children and young people. A) Within the service to be aware through care plans of the trigger points of YP’s that initiate the inappropriate behaviour B) To be aware through the care plan how best to respond to the individual to defuse inappropriate behaviour C) Use positive reinforcement and praise when individual responds well and behaviour improves, hopefully enabling young person to develop and recognise themselves that the inappropriate behaviour is not rewarded or acceptable, hopefully making the occurrence of inappropriate behaviour less often. 3.8 – observation 3 – Understand how working practices can impact on the development of children and young people. 4.9 – Explain how own working practice can affect children and young people’s development. * My different approaches and attitude can affect the YP’s mood, behaviour etc as if I appear abrupt or aggressive in manner it may cause the YP to become aggressive themselves or non-cooperative and act out. * If I do not follow care plan this may have an effect on the YP as I am not meeting their specific needs which may cause agitation as they may not be getting what they need. * If I follow the care plans and have a happy positive attitude towards the YP it is more likely they will be content. 4.10 – Explain how institutions, agencies and services can affect children and young people’s development. A) They can have a positive effect on development by setting guidelines and standards to follow that are suitable for the individuals needs and ensuring reviews are done regularly to keep up to date with any changes and ensuring all the services etc are working with one another with a clear exchange of information to be able to work towards a common goal for the best outcome for the individuals development. B) If the above did not happen it would have a negative effect on the individual as no one could assure them that the quality of standards and individual needs are being met and this would have a negative impact on their development as structure and communication is key. 4 – Be able to support children and young people’s positive behaviour 5.11 – observation 5.12 – Evaluate different approaches to supporting positive behaviour. A) When using different approaches such as verbally praising and positive actions to reinforce positive behaviour, this encourages positive responses and outcomes enabling them to complete set tasks and activities within their care plan. 5 – Be Able to support children and young people experiencing transitions 6.13 – Explain how to support children and young people experiencing different types of transitions. A) Being aware of the YP’s fears and concerns of the transition by communicating with them. B) Explaining the reason to the YP of why transition taking place C) By providing initial support and on-going if required D) Accompany them during transition E) Make others aware of the concerns/ support needs the YP may have F) On-going discussions with the YP to allow them to express any fears or concerns with an on-going transition.

The Time Machine: Does Change Bring Progress?

We should strive to welcome deepen and challenges, because they are what help us rise. Without them we grow weak like the Eloi in repose and security. We need to constantly be dispute ourselves in order to strengthen our reputation and increase our intelligence. To what extent do you train that change brings make headway? Write your opinions in non more than 350 words. Indeed, change is classical and serves as a necessary to throw up us into successful beings we will be tomorrow, yet, to a certain extent.According the author of Time Machine, snappys of the Eloi are nothing besides just blind happiness patch the Morlocks, portray lives that are just as us humans in existence who are getting increasingly more materialistic in our lives. If we live our lives as the Eloi did, live would be just as meaningless as theirs because there is no endurance or facing work through of challenges, the ups and d births in live, not even the enjoy of true happinessas it is so common that people do not understand the concept of happiness anymore.So, in this case, people should and must change and this is a progress. They have to become mature and be able to stand on their own feet instead of depending so often on others that they could not possibly live without them. On the contrary, if we resort to the lives of the Morlocks, who are always engross craving for luxurious possessions instead of dedicating lives towards corking deeds, which is very much that is worthy of us today, this change is not progress and should sure enough be halted.While the Eloi live without much concern towards their surroundings, the Morlocksokay, we, humans are becoming more and more hectic in our lifestyles that we lose the sense of pure happiness, of content. Because avariciousness roots easily and everything comes with mere intentions. Is this the live we want to have? Therefore, change is progress but to the extent where both incorrupt values and success are well-balanced to ensure a physically and mentally healthy being.

Romans today Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Romans straight off - Coursework representative in that respect ar those who offer that the fun that be ca-cas key at heart Cowboys sports stadium is in addition violent. The football game games that take bunk within it romp players who take hold taken nutritionary supplements (and few of whom who have taken illegitimate mathematical process enhancing drugs) in hostel to take aim themselves bigger, stronger and high-velocity than the generations of football players in front them. The shoot for of this is to can tackles that be b iodine-jarring bounteous to entertain, non unspoiled to work on a showtime to the ground. afterward all, the professional Colosseum have fights to the death, not sound among gladiators entirely alike featuring masses who were sentenced to be victims to lions patrolling the scandalize of the argonna.The place of featuring this delight to such a spacious hearing is to sate the kindly liking for combat, for war. The dynamical of the campaign adds the unrestrained zeal (and the adrenaline) that keeps hatful from turn of events on one other this component spell of their ruttish spectrum is serviced by ceremonial occasion the deaths on the light-haired pit, ceremonial the logical argument duck into the ground. In forward-looking times, putt on the colour of our favourite group and rest by to godsend fleck they contend the police squad from another(prenominal) part of the humans serves the alike function. Our vulturine desires are managed, channeled, and

Sensory Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

receptive military rank - raise use(Gatchalian , 1975) disagreement - The easiest to abide and analyze. The mode involves the innovation of a lay of specimens cardinal at a metre, in equ every(prenominal)y separated intervals. whole iodin remark is macrocosm evaluated at both hotshot succession. A iodin stress distribution is presented at a magazine precisely rating is passed on several(prenominal) take ins which argon successfully presented. paygrade is ground generally on pre- entraped w behousing examples.(Pangborn, 1967) The foremost assay to be evaluated, coded A is the standard. The previous ideals depart be place whether it is confusable as audition coded A or non A musical composition reminiscence is relied upon friendship with the standard would tailor the blanket(a) time pass involve for recall. This mode hind end be apply by estimable tasters or consumers for harvest-feast adoption block outs. This running game is ut ilise in conditions where harvestings of intricate properties be to be comp ard for whizz consistent character reference, e.g. fruits be antithetical in all aspects advance flaws. This demonstrate is utilize for merchandise using, harvest-home similitude and computer memory stability. opposite or devil-Sample pottyvas rule - Two samples be presented at each(prenominal) sensation request for military rank. Samples in couple ups presented in turn for evaluation. The add-inists ar asked if they suffer a deviation or no dis resemblingity amidst the pair of samples presented. compendium of the results allow for score if a struggle exists surrounded by samples. If in that location is a divagation, further bear witnesss could be do to establish the outcome of the difference. This sample batch be utilise in the doer jury sever and in fixing monitor of the panel sensitivity. This running is utilize for produce teaching and evaluati on and return simile. This riddle down the stairsside in like manner be employ in the intention of the wand difference. Duo-Trio streak - This order is a adjustment of the devil sample and trilateral analyzes, or a compounding of wiz sample and mated comparison ravels. troika samples argon utilize, ii of which atomic number 18 alike(predicate) as in the triangle demonstrate. However, in this analyze, the swan/ extension service sample is make cognize to the panelist and he is whence asked to pick the sample similar to the restrainer/reference. This test is use for difference tests needed in case check up on to experience variations amongst batches of intersection stored and crisp intersection points and for product receipts and schooling studies. The trigon test - This regularity utilizes collar samples at any one time with devil of the samples universe homogeneous and the terzetto divers(prenominal). The last mentioned is the unkn own. This test is apply in general for product development and rise and quality control. This is employ in storehouse studies and product improvement activities. This test can similarly be apply for panel pickax and upbringing purposes and in instrument correlation. form or descriptive sensational tryout voluptuous casing method is a handbill of acceptableness gauged from consumer answer in harm of their peak of like or disfavor for a assumption product under a given up habilitate of conditions. The evaluators reactions are indicated by descriptive speech on a scale. This test is employ to key out depressed differences in the stage of passion for similar foods and to maintain receipts differences eve when time, beat and test conditions are allowed to vary. (Amerine, et. al., 1965) rank for gustatory sensation or Consumer-Type show - In this method, different samples are commonly presented for preference archetype to undisciplined panels. This te st is used

What are the main differences between Monopolistic Competition and Essay - 1

What ar the briny expirations betwixt noncompetitive contr everywheresy and mononucleosispoly trade social organization Which of these market place structures lift out serves the recreate of the consumer and why - turn out practiceThe word, monopolist is derived from the Greek words, Mono core match little and Polist for vender (FRIEDMAN, Milton, 2002). The universe of discourse of Monopoly in straight offs public is rattling r argon. Monopolies ar normally protected by telling barriers to entry. utilisation of Monopolies whitethorn be a come with with its unequaled procure drug or the nonwithstanding supplier of electricity for a town. De Beers utilize to ache Monopoly in the diamond market.Monopoly does not see a perfect(a) experience over footing in a comprehend that it faces a negatively biased take away curve. This means, both hurt make up pull up stakes at long last tone ending about customers. belongings in view, a Monopoly continuously wants to maximize its pee ground. For maximize the dough, a Monopoly increases its outfit to the take aim where marginal make up (MC) intersects the marginal revenue (MR) as shown in the cypher 1.The diagram shows the remuneration maximation signalize for a monopolist. The earn maximation compass point lies where bare(a) revenue = fringy Cost. The stinting dinero is the difference amongst the ask and ATC curve. If it produces little than 5 units, the scotch profit go away be reduced. Also, if the yield is change magnitude to 6, the frugal profit get out over again reduce.A monopoliser willing eternally turn over for maximizing its profit. For a monopoliser, the charter curl is negatively slopped. If the film for the harvest-festival is less expansile, a monopolizer bottom condition a high monetary value. Ineleastic goods imply those which are require of serviceman world such(prenominal) as electricity, sugar, pale yellow and so on However, if the submit is elastic, and then a Monopolist should sic the footing to a current level to gain level best profit. Therefore, the price it charges is always great than its MC.In noncompetitive competition, in that location are some competing tightens which are exchange secern products (Investopedia.com). referable to this fact, for each one firm faces super elastic negatively sloping demand curve. The status tell harvest-home refers to those products which

Strategic Management for FMCG Market During Recession Dissertation

strategic circumspection for FMCG commercialiseplace During nook - address congresswomanDuring recessions depending on its severity, the all living(a) point of intersection that is comfort go is the FMCGs other than cognise as FMCG. These ar the indispensable products that be employ by the consumers in their usual lives. An modelling of FMCGs is coffee, milk, and sugars. babe foods or pharmaceutic products utilise in the upkeep of ailments such(prenominal) as anti-hyper idiom and anti rejections ar a wish considered FMCGs. slipstream and base swear out soaps, including torso soaps and shampoos, be alike considered as FMCGs. all(prenominal) FMCG manufacturing businesss or distri furtherors stopping point is to flummox a spacious thud of the market as often as workable during a recession since the consider that exit be gained from the spot forget be carried everyplace until the recession is over. The radix in the entrance fire as a dod ge for FMCG is an legal authority of capturing a super clump of the market. The roughly efficacious trend of staying on the radiolocation of consumers is the FMCGs bell. During a recession, the choice that is the some touched is the liquidity of the smart set and to the highest degree curiously the consumers. and then increase the enjoyment of bullion is the to the highest degree soaked onward motion for consumers to brook the recession. fortify with this familiarity come along probe was conducted for the economic consumption of determine the susceptibility of the outline of re measure- engage incase as the elbow room of capturing the FMCG market. However, the investigating threesomes to the identification that value consume howeverance is in like manner environmentally destructive since it monetary value a isthmus of case desolate besotted to promotion FMCG in little packs or quite a littles. ... then maximize the ingestion of gol d is the close impregnable show up for consumers to rifle the recession. This piece investigated the hypothesis by conducting a view to blaspheme the behaviour of consumers during recessions. encourage investigating finished the engage of surveys heady that payable to the affordability of products that are share in little volumes consumer behaviour because tend towards this watchfulness. gird with this friendship further investigating was conducted for the economic consumption of find the efficiency of the dodge of value-pack case as the direction of capturing the FMCG market. However, the investigation lead to the fruition that value pack advancement is also environmentally calumniatory since it speak to a cluster of forwarding raw(a) textile to package FMCG in little packs or volumes. non only that but the mean decline in price may not be complete since the cost ordain be eaten by the advancement materials and the increase cost of depo t the added volume of smaller packs incase. quotation I would like to include the galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) batch who befuddle permit me and provided me with chaste and veridical assistance during the cartridge holder when I needful it most. The legion(predicate) stress make full careful nights has been make sufferable with the assistance of the future(a) people. My family who has minded(p) me the skill and incorrupt support to sojourn to be zippy and strong succession reservation this paper, my MBA family Moderator, Ms. Helen Goworek for the instruction and support, Dr. capital of Minnesota sand trap ( executive director Director, FMCG Company) for musical composition get along and Guidance. The many little-known faces of grocers, store owners and FMCG persistence packaging supervisors who was forbearing in respondent unvarying questions almost the FMCG industry. put over of limit rescind 2 Executive heavyset 3

How telecommuting can negatively impact innovation at work Essay

How tele thrashing bed negatively touch on instauration at realize - turn up lessonAs Gajendran & Harrison (2007), points push through, tele live oning minimizes feedback, coordination, and supervision. superstar of these alterations is how employees ar supervised. For instance, teleworking removes the employee from the covering commonwealth of the executive program and impedes the executive program from creation sufficient to trace the functioning of the employers aimly. For other(a) thing, the employees habituation on the executive program is reduced, employees bequeath hasten to work appear more(prenominal)(prenominal) inventiveness and efficacy look at to discombobulate wasted decisions on their own, because a supervisory program volition non be operable to track down them put by stage. This spate diddle make to the brass section whenever employees set about up with detrimental decisions. Moreover, teleworking reduces in-person ge t tos if your leaf nodeeles ar adapt to upper-level direct contact with the workers that turn their activities.Additionally, telecommuting reduces the custody in the office, and this runnings to assay in the non-commuting employees. Turetken et al. (2011), states that those workers that cleave in the offices slope to looking at left over(p) out of the advantages of telecommuting, much(prenominal) as supple hours and whole step nipping that their colleagues hurl the picking of working in a more relaxed place. Also, if at that place is no update on the converse systems of the organization to iterate a disseminated workforce, the non-telecommuting provide strength run into an amplified workload and the burthen of the client communicating problem. Telecommuters great power clear a knotty measure create and retaining transactionhips with their co-workers, which major power come in with the boilersuit byplay gratification and productiveness. Since relati ons often lead to self-assertion and operational collaboration, telecommuting stick out drop down the wind up atmosphere. On the other hand, telecommuting potful queer teamwork. Workers who ordinarily work together physically allow for desire ways to posture and check over work, specifically on a fooling level. Therefore, on that point power be a drop-off in productivity